San Antonio

City of San Antonio
—  City  —

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): River City, San Antone,
Alamo City
Location in the state of Texas
City of San Antonio is located in the USA
City of San Antonio
Location in the United States
Coordinates:
Country United States
States Texas
County Bexar
Government
 - Mayor Julian Castro[1]
Area
 - City 412.1 sq mi (1,067.3 km2)
 - Land 407.4 sq mi (1,055.6 km2)
 - Water 4.5 sq mi (11.7 km2)
Elevation 650 ft (198 m)
Population (2010)
 - City 1,373,668 (7th)
 - Density 2,808.5/sq mi (1,084.4/km2)
 - Metro 2,031,445
Time zone Central (UTC-6)
 - Summer (DST) Central (UTC-5)
Area code(s) 210(majority), 830(portions)
Website www.sanantonio.gov

The City of San Antonio (pronounced /ˌsænænˈtoʊni.oʊ/) is the second-largest city in the American state of Texas and the seventh-largest city in the United States with a population of 1.4 million.[2] The city is the seat of Bexar County. Located in the American Southwest and the northern part of South Texas, San Antonio is the center of Tejano culture and Texas tourism. The city is characteristic of other Southwest urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas and a low density rate outside of the city. It was the fourth-fastest growing large city in the nation from 2000 to 2006[3] and the fifth-fastest-growing from 2007 to 2008.[4] The San Antonio–New Braunfels metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.1 million based on the 2009 U.S. Census estimate, making it the 28th-largest metropolitan area in the U.S and third in Texas.

The city was named for the Portuguese St. Anthony, whose feast day is on June 13, when a Spanish expedition stopped in the area in 1691. Famous for Spanish missions, the Alamo, the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, and host to Seaworld and Six Flags Fiesta Texas theme parks, the city is visited by approximately 26 million tourists per year according to the San Antonio Convention and Visitors Bureau. The city is home to the four-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest in the country.

San Antonio has a strong military presence—it is home to Fort Sam Houston, Lackland Air Force Base, Randolph Air Force Base, and Brooks City-Base, with Camp Bullis and Camp Stanley outside the city. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, when the airfield was transferred over to Lackland AFB and the remaining portions of the base became Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park. San Antonio is home to five Fortune 500 companies and to the South Texas Medical Center, the only medical research and care provider in the South Texas region.

Contents

History

Lithograph of San Antonio in 1886.

Native Americans originally lived near the San Antonio River Valley, in the San Pedro Springs area, calling the vicinity "Yanaguana," meaning "refreshing waters." In 1691, a group of Spanish explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Native American settlement on June 13, the feast day of Saint Anthony of Padova, Italy and named the place and river "San Antonio" in his honor.[5]

Early Spanish settlement of San Antonio began with the Martin de Alarcon expedition and the establishment of the San Antonio de Valero Mission (now the Alamo) as a means to reassert Spanish dominance over Texas from the nearby French in Louisiana. The viceroy, at the instigation of Father Antonio de San Buenaventura y Olivares, made the suppression of illicit trade from Louisiana a primary objective. He also pledged support for the Franciscan missions in Texas. Father Olivares had earlier visited a site on the San Antonio River in 1709, and from that time forward he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. The viceroy gave formal approval for a halfway mission and presidio in late 1716, and assigned responsibility for their establishment to Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas. A series of delays, however, occasioned in part by differences between Alarcón and Olivares, postponed definitive action until 1718.[6] The families clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béxar, destined to become the most important town in Spanish Texas.[7] On May 1 on the San Antonio River the governor founded San Antonio de Valero Mission (later famous as the Alamo), and on May 5 established San Antonio de Béxar Presidio. San Antonio de Béxar Presidio, the center of Spanish defense in western Texas, was founded by Martín de Alarcón on May 5, 1718, on the west side of the San Antonio River one-fourth league from the San Antonio de Valero Mission.[6]

On February 14, 1719, the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo made a report to the king of Spain proposing that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. His plan was approved, and notice was given the Canary Islanders (isleños) to furnish 200 families; the Council of the Indies suggested that 400 families should be sent from the Canaries to Texas by way of Havana and Veracruz. By June 1730, twenty-five families had reached Cuba and ten families had been sent on to Veracruz before orders from Spain to stop the movement arrived. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland to the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, where they arrived on March 9, 1731. The party had increased by marriages on the way to fifteen families, a total of fifty-six persons. They joined a military community that had been in existence since 1718. The immigrants formed the nucleus of the villa of San Fernando de Béxar, the first regularly organized civil government in Texas. Several of the old families of San Antonio trace their descent from the Canary Island colonists. María Rosa Padrón was the first baby born of Canary Islander descent in San Antonio. [8]

Memorial to the Alamo defenders

San Antonio grew to become the largest Spanish settlement in Texas, and for most of its history, the capital of the Spanish, later Mexican, province of Tejas. From San Antonio the Camino Real, today Nacogdoches Road in San Antonio, ran to the American border at the small frontier town of Nacogdoches. When Antonio López de Santa Anna unilaterally rescinded the Mexican constitution of 1824 violence ensued in many provinces of Mexico. In a series of battles the Texian Army succeeded in forcing Mexican soldiers out of the settlement areas east of San Antonio. Under the leadership of Ben Milam, in the Battle of Bexar, December, 1835, Texian forces captured San Antonio from forces commanded by General Martin Perfecto de Cos, Santa Anna's brother in law. In the spring of 1836 Santa Anna marched on San Antonio. A volunteer force under the command of James C. Neill occupied and fortified the deserted mission. Upon his departure, the joint command of William Barrett Travis and James Bowie were left in charge of defending the old mission. The Battle of the Alamo took place from February 23 to March 6, 1836. The outnumbered Texian force was ultimately defeated, with all of the Alamo defenders killed. These men were seen as "martyrs" for the cause of Texas freedom and "Remember the Alamo" became a rallying cry in the Texian Army's eventual success at defeating Santa Anna's army.[9]

Juan Seguín, who organized the company of Hispanic patriots, that fought and died for Texas independence at the Battle of the Alamo, fought at the Battle of Concepcion, Siege of Bexar, and the Battle of San Jacinto, and served as mayor of San Antonio. He was forced out of that office, due to threats on his life, by newcomers and political opponents in 1842, becoming the last Hispanic mayor for nearly 150 years.[10]

Aerial view of the city, San Antonio, December 4, 1939

In 1845, the United States annexed Texas and included it as a state in the Union. This, after some incitement by United States troops along the Mexican border, led to the Mexican-American War. Though the U.S. ultimately won, the war was devastating to San Antonio, and, at its end, the population of the city had been reduced by almost two thirds, to only 800 inhabitants.[11] By 1860, at the start of the Civil War, San Antonio had grown to a city of 15,000 people.

Following the Civil War, San Antonio prospered as a center of the cattle industry. During this period, San Antonio remained a frontier city, but its mixture of cultures also gave it a reputation as being beautiful and exotic. Frederick Law Olmstead, the architect who designed Central Park in New York City, once described San Antonio as having a, "jumble of races, costumes, languages, and buildings," which gave it a quality which only New Orleans could rival in, "odd and antiquated foreignness."[12]

In 1877, the first railroad reached San Antonio and the city was no longer on the frontier but began to enter the mainstream of American society. At the beginning of the 20th century, the streets of downtown were widened to accommodate street cars and modern traffic, destroying many historic buildings in the process.[13]

Like many municipalities in the American Southwest, San Antonio experiences steady population growth. The city's population has nearly doubled in 35 years, from just over 650,000 in the 1970 census to an estimated 1.2 million in 2005 through both steady population growth and land annexation (considerably enlarging the physical area of the city).

Geography

San Antonio
Climate chart ()
J F M A M J J A S O N D
 
 
1.7
 
62
39
 
 
1.8
 
67
42
 
 
1.9
 
74
50
 
 
2.6
 
80
57
 
 
4.7
 
86
66
 
 
4.3
 
91
72
 
 
2
 
95
74
 
 
2.6
 
95
74
 
 
3
 
90
69
 
 
3.9
 
82
59
 
 
2.6
 
71
49
 
 
2
 
64
41
average max. and min. temperatures in °F
precipitation totals in inches
source: NOAA

San Antonio is located near 29.5°N 98.5°W. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2000 the city had a total area of 412.07 square miles (1,067.3 km2)—407.56 square miles (1,055.6 km2) (98.9%) of land and 4.51 square miles (11.7 km2) (1.1%) of water. The city sits on the Balcones Escarpment.The altitude of San Antonio is 772 feet (235 m) above sea level.

The primary source of drinking water for the city is the Edwards Aquifer. Impounded in 1962 and 1969, respectively, Victor Braunig Lake and Calaveras Lake were among the first reservoirs in the country built to use recycled treated wastewater for power plant cooling, reducing the amount of groundwater needed for electrical generation.

Neighborhoods

Climate

San Antonio falls near the western edge of the humid subtropical climate zone. Its weather is alternately dry or humid depending on prevailing winds, turning hot in the summer, warm to cool winters subject to descending northern cold fronts in the winter with cool to cold nights, and comfortably warm and rainy in the spring and fall. San Antonio receives about a dozen sub-freezing nights each year, occasionally (about once every couple of winters) seeing some sort of wintry precipitation (i.e. sleet/freezing rain), but accumulation and snow itself is not very common. Many winters may pass without any freezing precipitation at all. According to the National Weather Service, there have been 31 instances of snowfall (a trace or more) in the city in the past 122 years, for an average of about once every four years. However a decade or more may pass between snowfalls.[14] In San Antonio, July and August tie for the average warmest months with an average high of 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 °C). The highest temperature ever to be recorded was 111 °F (44 °C) on September 5, 2000.[14] The average coolest month is January. The lowest recorded temperature ever was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1949.[14] May, June, and October have quite a bit of precipitation. For the last 135 years, the average annual precipitation has been 29.05 inches (738 mm), with a maximum of 52.28 inches (1,328 mm) and a minimum of 10.11 inches (256.8 mm) in one year.[15]

Climate data for San Antonio
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89
(31.7)		 100
(37.8)		 100
(37.8)		 101
(38.3)		 103
(39.4)		 107
(41.7)		 106
(41.1)		 108
(42.2)		 111
(43.9)		 99
(37.2)		 94
(34.4)		 90
(32.2)		 111
(43.9)
Average high °F (°C) 62.1
(16.72)		 67.1
(19.5)		 74.3
(23.5)		 80.4
(26.89)		 86.0
(30)		 91.4
(33)		 94.6
(34.78)		 94.7
(34.83)		 90.0
(32.22)		 82.0
(27.78)		 71.4
(21.89)		 64.0
(17.78)		 79.8
(26.56)
Average low °F (°C) 38.6
(3.67)		 42.4
(5.78)		 49.9
(9.94)		 56.9
(13.83)		 65.5
(18.61)		 71.6
(22)		 74.0
(23.33)		 73.6
(23.11)		 68.8
(20.44)		 59.4
(15.22)		 48.6
(9.22)		 40.8
(4.89)		 57.5
(14.17)
Record low °F (°C) 0
(-17.8)		 4
(-15.6)		 19
(-7.2)		 31
(-0.6)		 43
(6.1)		 48
(8.9)		 60
(15.6)		 57
(13.9)		 46
(7.8)		 27
(-2.8)		 21
(-6.1)		 6
(-14.4)		 0
(-17.8)
Precipitation inches (mm) 1.66
(42.2)		 1.75
(44.5)		 1.89
(48)		 2.60
(66)		 4.72
(119.9)		 4.30
(109.2)		 2.03
(51.6)		 2.57
(65.3)		 3.00
(76.2)		 3.86
(98)		 2.58
(65.5)		 1.96
(49.8)		 32.92
(836.2)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 7.6 6.8 7.9 7.3 9.2 7.7 4.6 5.2 6.5 6.9 7.3 7.8 84.8
Sunshine hours 158.1 172.3 217.0 210.0 223.2 276.0 310.0 294.5 234.0 217.0 171.0 148.8 2,631.9
Source: NOAA (normals, 1971-2000) [16], The Weather Channel (records) [17], HKO (sun, 1961-1990) [18]

Culture

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1850 3,488
—
1860 8,235 136.1%
1870 12,256 48.8%
1880 20,550 67.7%
1890 37,673 83.3%
1900 53,321 41.5%
1910 96,614 81.2%
1920 161,379 67.0%
1930 231,542 43.5%
1940 253,854 9.6%
1950 408,442 60.9%
1960 587,718 43.9%
1970 654,153 11.3%
1980 785,940 20.1%
1990 935,933 19.1%
2000 1,144,646 22.3%
Est. 2010 1,373,668 [19] 20.0%
historical data sources:[20]

According to the 2000 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 1,144,646,[21] ranking it the ninth-most populated city in the country. Due to San Antonio's low density rate and lack of significant population surrounding the city limits, the metropolitan area ranked just 30th in the U.S. with a population of 1,592,383.[22]

Subsequent population estimates indicate continued growth in the area. The July 1, 2008, population estimate for the city was 1,351,305,[23] making it the second-most populous city and the third-most populous metro area in Texas, as well as the seventh-most populous city in the U.S. The 2008 U.S. Census estimate for the eight-county San Antonio–New Braunfels-Seguin metropolitan area placed its population at 2,071,445,[24] making it the third-most populous metro area in Texas and the 28th-most populous metro area in the U.S. The metropolitan area is bordered to the northeast by Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos, and the two metropolitan areas together combine to form a region of almost 3.7 million people.

There are 405,474 households, and 280,993 families residing in San Antonio. The population density is 2,808.5 people per square mile (1,084.4 km2). There are 433,122 housing units at an average density of 1,062.7 per square mile (410.3 km2).

The age of the city's population is spread out with 28.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 32 years. In San Antonio, 48% of the population are males, and 52% of the population are females. For every 100 females there are 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city is $36,214, and the median income for a family is $53,100. Males have a median income of $30,061 versus $24,444 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,487. 17.3% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

According to the 2006-2008 American Community Survey, the racial composition of San Antonio was as follows:

Source:[25]

Economy

South Texas Medical Center
Headquarters of Valero Energy Corporation

San Antonio has a diversified economy with four primary focuses: financial services, government, health care, and tourism. Located northwest of the city center is the South Texas Medical Center, which is a conglomerate of various hospitals, clinics, and research (see Southwest Research Institute) and higher educational institutions.

The city is also home to one of the largest military concentrations in the United States. The defense industry in San Antonio employs over 89,000 and provides a $5.25 billion impact to the city's economy.[26]

Twenty million tourists visit the city and its attractions every year, contributing substantially to the city's economy.[27] The Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center alone hosts more than 300 events each year with over 750,000 convention delegates from around the world. Tourism employs 94,000 citizens and makes an economic impact of over $10.7 billion in the local economy as revealed in the Economic Impact Study conducted every two years by the San Antonio Tourism Council and the research team of Dr. Richard Butler and Dr. Mary Stefl of Trinity University. Tourism also brings new annual revenues to the City of San Antonio and other governmental entities with the hotel & motel tax, sales taxes and other revenues from hospitality agreements and contracts. This number exceeded over $160 million in the 2004 study.

Of the 140 Fortune Global 500 companies headquartered in the US, San Antonio is home to two: Valero Energy Corp #33, and Tesoro Petroleum Corp #317.

San Antonio is home to five Fortune 500 companies: Valero Energy Corp, Tesoro, USAA, Clear Channel Communications and NuStar Energy.[28] H-E-B, the 19th largest private company in the United States[29] is also headquartered in San Antonio. Other companies headquartered in San Antonio are: Kinetic Concepts, Frost National Bank, Harte-Hanks, Eye Care Centers of America, Bill Miller Bar-B-Q Enterprises, Taco Cabana, Whataburger, Builders Square, and Rackspace.

Other large companies that operate regional headquarters in the city include: Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, Lack's, Kohl's, Allstate, Chase Bank, Philips, Wachovia, Toyota, Medtronic, Sysco, Caterpillar Inc., AT&T, West Corporation, Citigroup, Boeing, QVC, and Lockheed Martin.

In between the beginning of 1997 and March 11, 1998, San Antonio lost several major company headquarters. In 1997 Titan Holdings and USLD Communications had sold their operations to larger companies. After a Los Angeles buyout specialist purchased Builders Square, the company's operations were moved out of San Antonio.[30]

Attractions

San Antonio is a popular tourist destination. The jewel of the city is the River Walk, which meanders through the downtown area. Lined with numerous shops, bars, and restaurants, as well as the Arneson River Theater, this attraction is transformed into an impressive festival of lights during the Christmas and New Year holiday period, and is suffused with the local sounds of folklorico and flamenco music during the summer, particularly during celebrations such as the Fiesta Noche del Rio. Also based along the River Walk is the newly restored Aztec On The River, the only surviving exotic-themed movie palace in Texas.

The Alamo, located nearby, is Texas' top tourist attraction, while the River Walk is the second most visited attraction. SeaWorld, located 16 miles west of downtown, is the number 3 attraction. Also, there is the very popular Six Flags Fiesta Texas.

The downtown area also features Cathedral of San Fernando, The Majestic Theatre, HemisFair Park (home of the Tower of the Americas and the Institute of Texan Cultures), La Villita, El Mercado, the Spanish Governor's Palace, and the historic Menger Hotel. On the northern side of the Alamo complex, beside the Emily Morgan Hotel, is the San Antonio Cavalry Museum, which features cavalry artifacts and exhibits and is frequented by local re-enactors.

The Fairmount Hotel, built in 1906 and San Antonio's second oldest hotel, is in the Guinness World Records as one of the heaviest buildings ever moved intact. It was placed in its new location, three blocks south of the Alamo, over four days in 1985, and cost $650,000 to move.

The Alamo, San Antonio's most famous attraction

The holiday season on the River Walk

The Torch of Friendship sculpture

San Antonio's historic River Walk extends some 2½ miles, attracting several million visitors every year.

Another view of the city's downtown area

Central Library of The San Antonio Public Library

The Tower of the Americas characterizes the city's skyline

The historic Bexar County Courthouse

The San Antonio Convention Center

The San Antonio Botanical Garden

San Antonio Missions National Historical Park

SeaWorld San Antonio

Aztec On The River Theater

Six Flags Fiesta Texas

IMAX Theater

Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center

San Antonio is home to the first museum of modern art in Texas, the McNay Art Museum. Other places of interest include The Woodlawn Theatre, the San Antonio Zoo, the Japanese Tea Gardens, Kumamoto, Brackenridge Park, the missions of the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, the Museo Alameda, the San Antonio Museum of Art, the Witte Museum, the Texas Rangers Museum, the Buckhorm Museum, ArtPace, Blue Star Contemporary Art Center, SeaWorld San Antonio, Six Flags Fiesta Texas, the Texas Transportation Museum, and Splashtown San Antonio. Visitors can also experience something of the cowboy culture year round, they can see the 40-foot (12 m) tall cowboy boots at North Star Mall.

Beyond taking in the sights and sounds of San Antonio, tourists can sample some of its world famous Tex-Mex cuisine at the many fine restaurants located throughout the city. Mexican restaurants are abundant in virtually all parts of town, and most—except for those in the Far North and some of the Uptown enclaves like Alamo Heights—are relatively inexpensive. Some outstanding examples of Tex-Mex eateries include Jacala, on West Avenue on the near Northwest side, La Hacienda de Los Barrios, on the North East side, Tommy's on Nogalitos at I-35 near downtown, and Los Barrios, on the near North side of town.

Sports

Sport League Club Founded Venue League championships Championship years
Basketball NBA San Antonio Spurs 1967 AT&T Center 4 1999, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2006–07
Basketball WNBA San Antonio Silver Stars 1997 AT&T Center 0 N/A
Hockey AHL San Antonio Rampage 2002 AT&T Center 0 N/A
Baseball TL San Antonio Missions 1968 Nelson W. Wolff Municipal Stadium 11 1897, 1903, 1908, 1933, 1950, 1961, 1964, 1997, 2002, 2003, 2007
The AT&T Center

The city's only top-level professional sports team, and consequently the team most San Antonians follow, is the San Antonio Spurs of the National Basketball Association. Previously, the Spurs played at the Alamodome, which was built for football, and before that the HemisFair Arena, but the Spurs built—with public money—and moved into the SBC Center in 2002, since renamed the AT&T Center.

The AT&T Center is also home to the San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League and the San Antonio Silver Stars of the WNBA, both owned by the Spurs Organization. San Antonio is home to the Double-A Minor League affiliate of the San Diego Padres, the San Antonio Missions who play at Nelson Wolff Stadium on the west side of the city. (San Antonio is the largest city in the country with neither a Major League nor AAA baseball team.) San Antonio hosts the NCAA football Alamo Bowl each December. San Antonio has two rugby union teams, the Alamo City Rugby Football Club, and San Antonio Rugby Football Club.

The University of Texas at San Antonio fields San Antonio's only NCAA Division I athletic teams known as the UTSA Roadrunners. The University recently added football, hiring former University of Miami coach Larry Coker as its initial head coach. Roadrunner football will begin play in 2011.

The city is also home of the U.S. Army All-American Bowl,[31] played annually in the Alamodome and televised live on NBC. The Bowl is an East versus West showdown featuring the nation's top 90 high school senior football players. The game has featured NFL stars Reggie Bush, Vince Young, Adrian Peterson, and many other college and NFL stars.

City officials are said to be attempting to lure the National Football League permanently to San Antonio and have also said that a strong showing at the Alamodome for the three local Saints games was vital to showing that San Antonio can support an NFL franchise. NFL Commissioner Paul Tagliabue stated San Antonio was successful in hosting the team, and that the city would be on the short list for any future NFL expansions. The city has also hosted the Dallas Cowboys and Houston Oilers preseason camps in the past, and they have signed a contract with the Cowboys in which the Cowboys will practice in San Antonio through 2011.[32] Cowboys owner Jerry Jones has acknowledged his support for the city's efforts to become home to an NFL franchise.[33] Although it is the second largest city in the United States without an NFL team (after Los Angeles), San Antonio's smaller metropolitan population has so far contributed to its lack of landing an NFL, MLB, or NHL team.

San Antonio will be getting a National Premier Soccer League expansion team in 2010.[34]

Government

The City of San Antonio runs under a Council-Manager form of government. The city is divided into 10 council districts designed to ensure equal population distribution between all districts. Each district elects one person to sit on the City Council with the mayor elected on a city-wide basis. All members of the City Council, which includes the mayor, are elected to two-year terms and are limited to four terms in total (except for those who were in office in November, 2008 and are limited to a total of two terms). All positions are elected on non-partisan ballots as required by Texas law. Council members are paid $20 a meeting, while the Mayor earns $4,000 a year. Most council members maintain full-time employment in addition to their positions on the council.[35] The current mayor is Julian Castro.

The council hires the City Manager to handle day to day operations. The council effectively functions as the city's legislative body with the City Manager acting as its Chief Executive, responsible for the management of day to day operations and execution of council legislation. The current City Manager is Sheryl Sculley.

The city operates its own electric and gas utility service, CPS Energy.

The city stretches into several national congressional districts and is represented in Congress by the following:[36]

Growth policy

Unlike most large cities in the U.S., San Antonio is not completely surrounded by independent suburban cities, and under Texas law it exercises extraterritorial jurisdiction (ETJ) over much of the surrounding unincorporated land, including directing growth and zoning.[37] It pursues an aggressive annexation policy and opposes the creation of other municipalities within its ETJ.[38] Nearly three-fourths of its current land area has been annexed since 1960.[39] In the 2000s the city has annexed several long narrow corridors along major thoroughfares in outlying areas to facilitate eventual annexation of growth developing along the routes. The city planned to annex nearly forty additional square miles by 2009.[40]

Involuntary annexation is a controversial issue in those parts of unincorporated Bexar County affected by it. Residents, attracted to the outlying areas by lower taxes and affordable real estate values, often see annexation as a mechanism to increase property tax rates (primarily driven by school district taxes) without a corresponding improvement in services such as police and fire protection, while the city regards its annexation policy as essential to its overall prosperity.[41]

State and federal representation

The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) operates the Parole Division Region IV headquarters in the San Antonio Metro Parole Complex. San Antonio district parole offices I and III are in the parole complex, while office II is in another location.[42]

The Texas Department of Transportation operates the San Antonio District Office in San Antonio.[43]

The United States Postal Service operates the San Antonio Main Post Office.[44] Other post offices are located throughout San Antonio.

Education

University of Texas at San Antonio

San Antonio hosts over 100,000 students across its 31 higher-education facilities which include The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, the University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas A&M University–San Antonio, and the Alamo Community College District. Some of the private schools include St. Mary's University, Our Lady of the Lake University, University of the Incarnate Word, Trinity University, and Wayland Baptist University. The San Antonio Public Library serves all of these institutions along with the 17 school districts within San Antonio.

The city is also home to more than 30 private schools and charter schools. These schools include: Central Catholic Marianist High School, Incarnate Word High School, Saint Mary's Hall, The Atonement Academy, Antonian College Preparatory High School, San Antonio Academy, Holy Cross High School, Providence High School, The Carver Academy, Keystone School, TMI — The Episcopal School of Texas, St. Anthony Catholic High School, Lutheran High School of San Antonio, Jubilee High School and Jubilee Academy.

Transportation

Air

A VIA bus stopped at a downtown intersection

The San Antonio International Airport is located in north central San Antonio, approximately eight miles from downtown. It has two terminals and is served by 21 airlines serving 43 destinations including three in Mexico. Stinson Municipal Airport is a reliever airport located six miles south of downtown San Antonio’s central business district. The airport has two runways and it is also home to the Texas Air Museum.

Mass transit

A bus and streetcar system is provided by the city's metropolitan transit authority, VIA Metropolitan Transit. VIA's full fare monthly unlimited Big Pass is only $30 per month making VIA the most economically priced large transit authority in the nation. VIA offers 84 regular bus routes and three downtown streetcar routes. This includes express service from downtown to park and ride locations in the South, West, Northwest, North Central and Northeast areas of the city with service to UTSA, Six Flags Fiesta Texas and SeaWorld. VIA also offers a special service to city events including Spurs games and city parades from its park and ride locations. VIA has among its many routes, one of the longest local transit routes in the nation. Routes 550 (Clockwise) and 551 (Counterclockwise) travels 48 miles one way as it loops around the city.[45] San Antonio became the largest city in the U.S. to not have a intra-city rail system when Phoenix, the former city that had this title, got such a system in 2008. VIA is currently in the process of creating a Bus Rapid Transit line known as VIA Primo [46]

Rail

Amtrak, the national passenger rail service, provides service to San Antonio at San Antonio Amtrak Station, operating its Texas Eagle daily between San Antonio and Chicago's Union Station.[47] Amtrak also operates its Sunset Limited three times a week in each direction through San Antonio between Los Angeles and Orlando, Florida (currently truncated to New Orleans due to the effects of Hurricane Katrina).[48] The Texas Eagle section travels between San Antonio and Los Angeles as part of the Sunset Limited. The old Sunset Station is now an entertainment venue owned by VIA and neighbored by the current station and the Alamodome.[49]

Road

San Antonio is served by these major freeways:

Other highways include:

Notable natives and residents

Media and entertainment

Print

WOAI-TV is San Antonio's NBC affiliate

San Antonio has one major newspaper, the San Antonio Express-News, which has served the area since 1865. Robert Rivard, who currently serves as the paper's executive vice president and editor,[53] was named Managing Editor in 1994 and then Editor in 1997. The Express-News currently circulates as the largest newspaper service in South Texas. The Hearst Corporation, which owned a second newspaper, the San Antonio Light, purchased the Express-News from News Corp. in 1992 and shut down the Light after failing to find a buyer. Hearst, using the Express-News brand, also produces Conexion, a weekly magazine written by an entirely Hispanic staff with a Hispanic spin on weekly events. The San Antonio Current is the free "alternative" paper published weekly with local political issues, art and music news, restaurant listings and reviews, and listings of events and nightlife around town. In addition, the San Antonio Business Journal covers general business news. La Prensa, a bilingual publication, also has a long history in San Antonio. The San Antonio River Walk Current covers general San Antonio news.

Television

While the city is one of the ten largest in the United States, its television market is only the 37th in the United States, according to the marketing research firm ACNielsen.[54] This is primarily due to the relatively low population-density of the outlying areas and the close proximity of Austin, which truncates the potential market area. San Antonio based TV stations are WOAI channel 4 (NBC), KSAT channel 12 (ABC), KENS channel 5 (CBS), KABB channel 29 (Fox), KCWX channel 2 (CW), KMYS channel 35(MyNetworkTV) and KLRN channel 9 (PBS). The market is also home to 6 Spanish language stations, 3 religious stations, 3 independent stations and 1 internet based station (210 TV). The San Antonio market has 65% cable TV penetration.

Radio

See also: Broadcast media in San Antonio

FM: 28 AM: 20

About 50 radio stations can be heard in the San Antonio area—30 of them are actually located in San Antonio. The first radio station to broadcast in South Texas was KTSA AM-550 in 1922. Some of KTSA AM-550's better known local talk show hosts include Jack Riccardi, Trey Ware and Ricci Ware. Another significant station is WOAI AM-1200 (the flagship of Clear Channel Worldwide), which is the radio home of the San Antonio Spurs and features Rush Limbaugh.

There are three National Public Radio stations in San Antonio, which belong to Texas Public Radio (www.TPR.org); KSTX 89.1 FM is NPR news/talk, KPAC 88.3 is a 24-hour classical music station, and KTXI 90.1 is a mix of NPR news/talk and classical music broadcast for the West Central Texas Hill County. KSTX also broadcasts "Riverwalk Jazz", featuring Jim Cullum Jazz Band at The Landing, a fixture on the River Walk since 1963. KRTU 91.7 is a non-commercial radio station based out of Trinity University. Unlike other college radio stations throughout the U.S. the station plays jazz 17 hours a day and college rock/indie rock at night. College Alternative station KSYM, 90.1 FM, is owned by the Alamo Community College District and operated by San Antonio College students and like KRTU it plays the Third Coast music network during the day and alternative music at night.

Most Latin stations in the area play Regional Mexican, Tejano or Contemporary Pop. But on January 12, 2006, Univision-owned KCOR-FM "La Kalle 95.1" changed its format from Hispanic-Rhythmic Contemporary Hits to Spanish Oldies, then named "Recuerdo 95.1". However, Univision announced on November 10, 2006, that it flipped KLTO Tejano 97.7's format to Reggaeton in an attempt to reintroduce the format to San Antonio again. Then, 97.7 was flipped again to feature an rock format. The station no longer broadcasts anything in English and while still owned by Univision, it now broadcasts music from artists such as Linkin Park. On the other hand, 95.1 was then flipped back to the "La Kalle" format again after being flipped more than a year ago to feature an "95X" format. KLTO was acquired earlier in the year and operated as a simulcast of KXTN Tejano 107.5. San Antonio has quickly diversified in recent years, with the influx of non-Tejano Latinos, mostly from the East Coast, who are serving in the city's various military bases, as well as immigrants from Mexico. Therefore, just like in the rest of the country, radio station conglomerates have been changing formats in San Antonio to reflect shifting demographics.

Sister cities

Alliance Cities

See also

References

  1. ↑ "GOVERNMENT Links on the San Antonio Community Portal". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/mayor/indexcastro.asp. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  2. ↑ http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2008-01.csv
  3. ↑ Christie, Les (June 28, 2007). "The fastest growing U.S. cities - June 28, 2007". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/. Retrieved May 23, 2010. 
  4. ↑ Ayala, Elaine (July 1, 2009). "S. A. Again Census Standout". San Antonio Express News. pp. B1. http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local_news/SA_again_census_standout.html. Retrieved 2009-07-01. 
  5. ↑ "San Antonio: The City of St. Anthony - June 2004 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online". Americancatholic.org. http://www.americancatholic.org/Messenger/Jun2004/Feature2.asp#F1. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 [1] Spanish Texas, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
  7. ↑ [2] Martin de Alarcon, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
  8. ↑ [3] The Canary Islanders, Texas State Historical Society: The Handbook of Texas Online
  9. ↑ John H. Jenkins, ed., Papers of the Texas Revolution (10 vols.; Austin: Presidial Press, 973),13
  10. ↑ Gonzalez, Juan. Harvest of Empire. Penguin, 2000.
  11. ↑ Fisher, Lewis F. (1996). Saving San Antonio: the precarious preservation of a heritage. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. 
  12. ↑ A Journey Through Texas by Frederick Olmstead ISBN 1144803802
  13. ↑ Saving San Antonio by Lewis F. Fisher ISBN 0896723720
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 "San Antonio Climate Summary" (PDF). National Weather Service. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/ewx/sat/satclisum.pdf. Retrieved August 19, 2010. 
  15. ↑ "MONTHLY/ANNUAL/AVERAGE PRECIPITATION SAN ANTONIO, TX (1871-2010)" (PDF). National Weather Service. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/images/ewx/sat/satmonrain.pdf. Retrieved August 19, 2010. 
  16. ↑ "NCDC: U.S. Climate Normals". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/tx/417945.pdf. Retrieved 2010-04-20. 
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  22. ↑ Census 2000: Metropolitan Areas Ranked by Population, U.S. Census Bureau.
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  24. ↑ [5], U.S. Census Bureau.
  25. ↑ American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "San Antonio city, Texas - ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006-2008". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4865000&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  26. ↑ "Welcome to the City of San Antonio Economic Development Department-Index". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/edd/. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  27. ↑ San Antonio Tourism, San Antonio Riverwalk.com. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
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  29. ↑ "America's Largest Private Companies". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/21/private-companies-09_Americas-Largest-Private-Companies_Rank.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
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  31. ↑ "Welcome to the 2009 U.S. Army All American Bowl". Usarmyallamericanbowl.com. http://www.usarmyallamericanbowl.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  32. ↑ Football: Cowboys returning to S.A. in '07, San Antonio Express-News, April 1, 2006.
  33. ↑ Football: Cowboys' Jones backs S.A. team, San Antonio Express-News, May 5, 2006.
  34. ↑ "New Expansion Teams". Npsl.myeliteclub.com. http://npsl.myeliteclub.com/LoadPage.aspx?iPage=24-48. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  35. ↑ "City of San Antonio | Official Web Site - City Council". Sanantonio.gov. http://www.sanantonio.gov/council/. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  36. ↑ http://www.sanantonio.gov/planning/pdf/GIS/map_download/0702GG24.pdf
  37. ↑ Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Boundary (PDF), City of San Antonio Planning Department. July 28, 2006.
  38. ↑ San Antonio Master Plan, Public Studio (San Antonio Chapter American Institute of Architects). Retrieved January 7, 2007.
  39. ↑ San Antonio Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities (PowerPoint), City of San Antonio Planning Department. Retrieved January 7, 2007.
  40. ↑ Three-year annexation plan (PDF), City of San Antonio Planning Department, January 6, 2006.
  41. ↑ MySA.com: Public Safety
  42. ↑ "Parole Division Region IV." Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Retrieved on May 21, 2010.
  43. ↑ "San Antonio District Office." Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved on January 11, 2010.
  44. ↑ "Post Office™ Location - SAN ANTONIO." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on May 22, 2010.
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  46. ↑ VIA Primo www.viabrt.net
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  48. ↑ "Routes - California". Amtrak. http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/ContentServer?pagename=Amtrak/am2Route/Horizontal_Route_Page&c=am2Route&cid=1081442673803&ssid=132. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  49. ↑ "Sunset Station San Antonio near the Convention Center, Alamo and River Walk Hotels". Sunset-station.com. http://www.sunset-station.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  50. ↑ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 345". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0345.htm. 
  51. ↑ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 368". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0368.htm. 
  52. ↑ Texas Department of Transportation. "Highway Designation File - State Highway Loop No. 353". http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/SL/SL0353.htm. 
  53. ↑ MySA.com: Express-News About Us
  54. ↑ Designated Market Areas, Nielson Media Research.
  55. ↑ ""Mayor announces Chennai, India Sister City Agreement"". Sanantonio.gov. 2008-02-28. http://www.sanantonio.gov/news/NewsMayorCouncil/nrChennaiSisterCity.asp?res=1280&ver=true. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 
  56. ↑ "About Us". Jewishagency.org. http://www.jewishagency.org/JewishAgency/English/Israel/Partnerships/Regions/WesternGalilee/About. Retrieved 2010-06-30. 

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